Work permit and residence permit is regulated in differant laws in Turkey. The Law on Foreigners and International Protection No. 6458 (YUKK) regulates the residence permit that foreigners staying in Turkey for more than the duration granted by a visa or visa exemption, or for more than ninety days, must obtain. The Law on International Labor No. 6735, on the other hand, regulates the necessary procedures for foreigners to access the labor market in Turkey by work permit. This blog will examine the residence and work permits regulated by mentioned laws.
RESIDENCE PERMIT
As regulated by Article 19 of the Law on Foreigners and International Protection, a residence permit is the permit that foreigners must obtain if they stay in Turkey for more than the duration allowed by a visa or visa exemption, or for more than ninety days. The residence permit is issued by the Ministry of Interior – Directorate General of Migration Management. Each residence permit is issued individually for each foreigner, and it is regulated for a period up to sixty days shorter than the validity period of the passport or document replacing the passport, depending on the purpose of stay.
Residence permit applications can be made through consulates in the foreigner’s country of citizenship or legal residence, as well as through limited applications from within Turkey. Additionally, as regulated in Article 27 of the YUKK, foreigners with a valid work permit do not need to obtain a residence permit, as their work permits serve as residence permits.
How to Apply for a Residence Permit?
Foreign nationals wishing to apply for a residence permit in Turkey must first make an online application through the Provincial Directorate of Migration Management’s website. During the online application phase, the application form provided by the system must be completed. After the online application, an appointment must be made with the Provincial Directorate of Migration Management where the residence will take place.
The required documents should be submitted at the appointment date and time at the Provincial Directorate of Migration Management. Although the process may seem simple, the online application and preparation of documents must be handled carefully and thoroughly. Residence permit applications are concluded within ninety days.
Types of Residence Permits and Required Documents
The types of residence permits are as follows:
a) Short-term residence permit
b) Family residence permit
c) Student residence permit
ç) Long-term residence permit
d) Humanitarian residence permit
e) Residence permit for victims of human trafficking.
The required documents for application vary depending on the type of residence permit. However, the common documents required for all residence permits are as follows:
- Residence Permit Application Form
- A copy of the passport or a document replacing the passport, and if applicable, a visa
- Two (2) biometric photos
- Documents/Receipts showing the payment of the residence permit fee and document fee
- Document/Receipt showing the payment of the single-entry visa fee (for those applying for their first residence permit within the legal duration of stay after entering Turkey with visa exemption, or those who have violated their legal stay period. This payment is mandatory unless the applicant is from visa-exempt countries or is exempt from the single-entry visa fee.)
- Valid Health Insurance
- Document/Declaration showing sufficient and regular financial means for the stay
- Document showing the address information.
How to Obtain a Residence and Work Permit in Turkey
Turkey has become a popular destination for expatriates, entrepreneurs, and students seeking to live and work in the country. Whether you plan to stay for a short period or settle down for the long term, obtaining a residence permit and work permit in Turkey is essential. Below is a comprehensive guide to help you through the process.
Residence Permit in Turkey
A residence permit is a mandatory document for foreigners who wish to stay in Turkey for more than 90 days within a 180-day period. The process involves the following steps:
Types of Residence Permits
- Short-Term Residence Permit: Issued for tourism, business visits, property ownership, or educational purposes.
- Family Residence Permit: Granted to spouses and children of Turkish citizens or foreign residents with valid work permits.
- Student Residence Permit: Provided to international students enrolled in Turkish educational institutions.
- Long-Term Residence Permit: For foreigners who have resided in Turkey continuously for at least eight years.
Application Process
- Online Application: Register on the e-ikamet system (https://e-ikamet.goc.gov.tr/) and fill out the required forms.
- Required Documents:
- Passport copy
- Biometric photos
- Health insurance policy
- Proof of financial means
- Rental agreement or proof of accommodation
- Application fee receipt
- Appointment at the Immigration Office: Schedule an appointment at the local Directorate General of Migration Management (DGMM) office.
- Processing Time: It may take a few weeks for the permit to be issued.
Extension and Transition of Residence Permit
A foreign national wishing to extend their residence permit must apply to the provincial governorships starting from sixty days before the expiration of the permit and, in any case, before the residence permit expires. Extension applications are processed by the provincial governorships. Foreign nationals applying for an extension of their residence permit will be given a document that is exempt from fees. These foreign nationals may continue to reside in Turkey with this document until a decision is made, even if their residence permit has expired. The extended residence permits for foreigners are valid starting from the end date of the legal permit period.
Transition between Residence Permits occurs when the reason for granting the residence permit has ended or when a different reason arises. The foreign national can apply for a residence permit suitable for their new purpose of stay. The transition applications between residence permits proceed in the same manner as residence permit applications.
Rejection, Non-Renewal, and Cancellation of Residence Permit
The rejection, non-renewal, and cancellation of residence permits are communicated to foreigners by the provincial governorships. The notification will provide information on how the foreign national can effectively exercise their right to appeal the decision, as well as their other legal rights and obligations during this process. In this context, foreign nationals whose residence permit applications have been rejected may file a lawsuit in the administrative court where the decision-making authority is located, requesting the annulment of the rejection decision. The deadline for filing a lawsuit is sixty days from the date of notification.
WORK PERMIT
As regulated by the International Labor Force Law, a work permit is an official document issued by the Ministry, granting a foreign national the right to work and reside in Turkey within its validity period. In Turkey, work permits are issued by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security. Work permit applications can be submitted directly to the Ministry within Turkey or to the Turkish embassies or consulates in the applicant’s country of citizenship or legal residence abroad. Work permit applications made abroad are forwarded to the Ministry by the relevant Turkish embassies or consulates. As a general rule, work permits are issued for a limited period. If a foreign national holds a work permit, this permit also serves as a residence permit.
Work and Residence Permit in Turkey 2025
Foreign nationals who are exempt from the work permit requirement may work or be employed in Turkey without obtaining a work permit. The exemption applies to individuals specified in the law, bilateral or multilateral agreements, or international treaties to which Turkey is a party, allowing them to work without a work permit.
Work Permit in Turkey
A work permit is required for foreign nationals intending to work legally in Turkey. This permit is granted by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security (Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı).
Types of Work Permits
- Temporary Work Permit: Granted for up to one year, renewable upon employer sponsorship.
- Independent Work Permit: For foreign professionals who want to establish their own business.
- Permanent Work Permit: Available to foreigners who have legally worked in Turkey for at least eight years.
- Turquoise Card: Offers an indefinite work and residence permit to highly skilled professionals and investors.
Application Process
- Employer Sponsorship: The employer must apply on behalf of the foreign worker through the Turkish Ministry of Labor’s online portal.
- Required Documents:
- Valid passport
- Employment contract
- Diploma and professional qualifications
- Employer’s commercial registration and tax certificate
- Approval and Issuance: If approved, the work permit will also serve as a residence permit, eliminating the need for a separate residence permit application.
- Renewal: Applications for renewal should be submitted at least 60 days before the expiration of the current permit.
How to Apply for a Work Permit in Turkey?
As explained, a work permit application can be submitted through the Foreigners’ Work Permit Application System (e-Permit) in two different ways: from abroad and from within Turkey. Work permit applications made within Turkey must be submitted directly to the Ministry. Employers can apply for a work permit through the Ministry’s online system on behalf of foreign nationals who have been issued a residence permit valid for at least six months in Turkey and whose permit remains valid at the time of application. Additionally, certain foreign nationals legally residing in Turkey, as determined by the General Directorate, may apply for a work permit through the system even if they do not have a valid residence permit.
How do I get a residence permit in Turkey?
Work permit applications from abroad are completed in two stages. In the first stage, the foreign national must personally visit the Turkish Embassy or Consulate in their country of citizenship or legal residence to apply for a work permit. Upon application, they will be provided with a 16-digit reference number by the embassy or consulate. In the second stage, the foreign national must provide this reference number to their employer in Turkey. The employer must then use this reference number to submit a work permit application to the Ministry through the online system.
Types of Work Permits
- Fixed-Term Work Permit: A fixed-term work permit is issued to a foreign national whose application has been approved, allowing them to work for a maximum of one year in a specific workplace or within the same sector, in a designated job, and only for a single employer, provided that the duration does not exceed the length of their employment or service contract. The work permit can be extended if an application is submitted within the legally specified period. If the extension application is approved, the foreign national may be granted a work permit for up to two years for the first extension with the same employer and up to three years for subsequent extensions. However, applications for employment with a different employer are considered new applications.
- Indefinite Work Permit: Foreign nationals who hold a long-term residence permit in Turkey or have had a legal work permit for at least eight years may apply for an indefinite work permit. However, meeting the necessary requirements does not grant an absolute right to obtain this permit. Foreign nationals with an indefinite work permit can benefit from all the rights provided by a long-term residence permit. Additionally, except for specific provisions under special laws, they may also enjoy rights granted to Turkish citizens, subject to social security regulations and other relevant legislation. However, they do not have the right to vote or be elected, hold public office, or have military obligations. This permit must be renewed every five years from the date of issuance. The renewal application must be submitted within six months before the five-year period expires and, in any case, before the expiration date.
- Independent Work Permit: An independent work permit is issued in the name of a foreign national, allowing them to work in Turkey on their own behalf, without being tied to an employer. This permit is granted for a limited period. When evaluating applications, criteria such as the applicant’s level of education, professional experience, contributions to science and technology, the impact of their activities or investments on Turkey’s economy and employment, and their shareholding status in a foreign company are considered in line with international labor policies. Additionally, other factors determined by the Ministry based on recommendations from the International Labor Force Advisory Board are also taken into account.
- Turquoise Card: A Turquoise Card is granted to foreign nationals whose applications are deemed suitable based on criteria such as their level of education, professional experience, contributions to science and technology, and the impact of their activities or investments on Turkey’s economy and employment. The issuance process is carried out in accordance with the principles and procedures set by the Ministry and based on recommendations from the International Labor Force Advisory Board. Holders of a Turquoise Card enjoy all the rights provided by an indefinite work permit. Additionally, their spouses and dependent children are issued a document proving their status as relatives of a Turquoise Card holder, which serves as a residence permit. However, foreigners under temporary protection cannot benefit from the Turquoise Card program.
Extension of Work Permit
A foreign national wishing to extend their work permit must apply for an extension starting from sixty days before the expiration of the permit and, in any case, before the work permit expires. Extension applications that are not submitted within the specified period will be rejected. Foreign nationals for whom a work permit extension application has been submitted may continue working from the date their permit expires, during the evaluation process, for a maximum period of ninety days, provided that the job performed and the workplace remain unchanged.
How to obtain a work permit in Turkey?
Rejection, Non-Renewal, and Cancellation of Work Permit
An objection can be lodged within thirty days from the date of notification against the decisions made by the Ministry regarding the rejection of a work permit application or extension request, the cancellation of a work permit, or the termination of a work permit. Objections to the rejection of a work permit application can be submitted online through the Ministry’s website.
The explanatory petition and supporting documents related to the objection must be uploaded to the Foreigners’ Work Permit Application System (e-Permit). If the objection is rejected by the Ministry, a lawsuit must be filed before the administrative court where the relevant authority is located, requesting the annulment of the rejection decision. The period for filing a lawsuit is 60 days from the date of notification of the rejection decision.
It is also worth noting that if the deficiency that led to the rejection of the work permit application is remedied, a new work permit application can be submitted. The rejection of a work permit application does not prevent the submission of a new application.
By working with an international law firm in Ankara, foreign nationals can ensure compliance with Turkish regulations, minimize risks, and secure their work and residence permits smoothly. Partnering with expert legal professionals positions individuals for long-term stability in Turkey, ensuring a hassle-free application process and full legal protection.
What are the new rules for residence permits in Turkey?
Turkey has recently updated its regulations regarding residence permits for foreigners. Here are the key changes:
1. Short-Term Residence Permits:
- Tourism Purpose: Foreigners applying for a short-term residence permit for tourism purposes are now granted a six-month permit upon extension. During this period, applicants are expected to transition to another type of residence permit that aligns with their purpose of stay, such as family, student, or work permits.
- Financial Requirements: To extend a tourist residence permit, applicants must demonstrate monthly expenses of at least 1.5 times the Turkish minimum wage, approximately $825 per month. This measure aims to ensure that tourists contribute economically during their stay.
2. Geographic Restrictions:
As of 2023, Turkey has designated 1,169 areas as “closed” to new residence permit applications due to high foreign resident concentrations exceeding 20% of the local population. Notable affected areas include districts in Istanbul, Adana, Ankara, and Mersin. Existing permits in these areas remain valid, but new applications are restricted.
3. Long-Term Residence Permits:
Foreigners who have legally resided in Turkey for at least eight consecutive years may be eligible for a long-term residence permit. Applicants must demonstrate sufficient financial resources and have not received social aid from Turkish authorities during the past three years.
4. Work Permits:
Recent regulatory changes have expanded work permit exemptions. Foreigners who can provide significant contributions to Turkey in economic, socio-cultural, technological, or educational fields may be granted a work permit exemption for up to three years, an extension from the previous six-month period.
Recommendations:
- Stay Updated: Regularly check official Turkish immigration resources or consult with legal experts to stay informed about any further changes to residence permit regulations.
- Prepare Documentation: Ensure all required documents, such as proof of financial means, health insurance, and accommodation details, are accurate and up-to-date to facilitate the application process.
- Seek Professional Advice: Given the complexities and frequent updates to immigration laws, consulting with immigration lawyers or specialists can provide personalized guidance tailored to your situation.
By adhering to these updated regulations and recommendations, you can navigate the process of obtaining or renewing a residence permit in Turkey more effectively.
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